Impact of human activities on quality and geochemistry of groundwater in the Merdja area,Tebessa, Algeria     

A. Rouabhia  Ch. Fehdi  F. Baali  L. Djabri  R. Rouabhi 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(7):1259-1268

Chemical data are used to clarify the hydrogeological regime in the Merdja area in Tébessa, as well as to determine the status of water quality in this area. Groundwater from the aquifer in the Merdja area can be divided into two major groups according to geographical locations and chemical compositions. Water in the center part of the area of study is characterized by the dominance of chloride, sulfate, sodium, and potassium; whereas waters in the limestone aquifers in the west are dominated by the same cations but have higher concentrations of bicarbonate. Stable isotopes show that the Tébessa aquifers contain a single water type, which originated in a distinct climatic regime. This water type deviates from the Global Meteoric Water Line (MWL), as well as from the Mediterranean meteoric water line. The water is poor in tritium, and thus can be considered generally older than 50 years. Piezometric map suggests that water is moving from the west towards the center of the studied area, and from east towards center. Degradation of water quality can be attributed to agricultural fertilizers in most cases, although the wadi El Kebir River is a contributor to pollution in the middle part of the studied area.  相似文献   

Understanding the origin and fate of nitrate in groundwater of semi-arid environments   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Stadler  K. Osenbrück  K. Knller  A. Suckow  J. Sültenfuß  H. Oster  T. Himmelsbach  H. Htzl 《Journal of Arid Environments》2008,72(10):1830-1842

Though nitrate enrichment in groundwater is a worldwide phenomenon and mainly related to human impact, processes leading to nitrate enrichment in scarcely inhabited semi-arid regions are not yet well understood. In those regions, elevated nitrate concentrations put additional pressure on the scarce water resources, as they pose a serious health risk. This study applies a multidisciplinary approach (hydrogeology, isotope hydrology, and geochemistry) to understand the origin and fate of nitrate in groundwater of the semi-arid Kalahari of Botswana. Our investigations suggest that nitrate in groundwater of the study area is of natural origin, leached from a pool in the unsaturated zone that was actively involved in the soil nitrogen cycle. The presence of active (minor) recharge was found, showing that nitrate may be transported into the groundwater under the present conditions. Yet, slow travel times of replenishing water and the low recharge amounts render the thick unsaturated zone into a long-term reservoir for nitrate. Being only little influenced by reactive processes, nitrate has a high persistency in the observed groundwater system. Concentration increases induced by the present land-use do not yet appear to affect the groundwater quality but may within decades.  相似文献   

全球新元古代冰期的记录和时限   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

赵彦彦  郑永飞 《岩石学报》2011,27(2):545-565

化学沉淀碳酸盐矿物在沉积后很容易受到各种作用的影响,其中最重要的是其在成岩阶段所经历的成岩作用。碳酸盐沉积物在成岩过程中主要受大气降水、海水和埋藏过程中孔隙流体的控制,经历一系列压实、溶解、矿物的多相转变、重结晶、胶结等成岩作用,逐渐转变为固结的岩石。在成岩过程中,由于孔隙流体与沉积流体之间的异同以及温度的变化,碳酸盐沉积物的原始矿物成分、地球化学特征可能会很好的保存下来,但在许多情况下,也可能会改变,从而使我们无法准确反演碳酸盐沉积物在沉积时水体的特征。因此,我们在应用碳酸盐岩重建相关古环境和古气候变化的时候,必须要通过有效的方法来对碳酸盐岩是否受到成岩作用的影响进行鉴定。  相似文献   

松潘-甘孜南部放马坪-三岩龙花岗岩的成因及其构造意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

袁静  肖龙  万传辉  高睿 《地质学报》2011,85(2):195-206

松潘-甘孜造山带内广泛出露印支期花岗岩类,目前对该区印支期花岗岩的研究主要集中于东部、中部地区,南部地区的研究相对较少.放马坪-三岩龙花岗质杂岩体位于松潘-甘孜造山带南部的九龙地区,根据主微量元素特征的不同可被划分为两大类:第一类具有C型埃达克岩的特征,Sr＞541×10,Y＜12.4×10～,Sr/Y＞55,轻重稀土...  相似文献   

罗平生物群产出层位氧碳稳定同位素的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

孙媛媛 《地质学报》2009,83(8):1110-1117

为了解云南罗平地区新近发现的罗平生物群的古环境信息,我们对其产出层位－－中三叠统关岭组二段大凹子剖面的碳酸盐岩进行了全岩氧碳稳定同位素测试。测试结果显示,中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期大凹子剖面δ13C值分布范围在-4.543‰～1.069‰之间,平均为-3.0298‰,δ18O值分布在-5.202～-0.971‰之间,平均为-3.3645‰。 同位素数据的相关性分析显示大凹子剖面的同位素值受后期大气水参与的成岩作用影响较小。结合沉积学和古生物学的证据,我们提出了一个假说：δ13C值明显偏负的层位主要是由硫酸菌的还原作用所导致。这种活动所释放的H2S也部分解释了罗平生物群大规模死亡的原因。 在排除掉成岩作用的影响之后,本剖面δ13C分布在-2.976～1.069‰之间,平均值为-1.4556‰,δ18O分布在-3.455～-2.516‰之间,平均值为-2.9258‰。尽管如此,与同时期其它有关剖面相比,大凹子剖面δ13C值仍然偏低,对此我们进行了探讨和解释,并利用高水位时期的δ18O数据作为基本资料对罗平地区的古海水温度进行了恢复。结果显示其温度值分布在27℃～32℃之间,平均为29℃左右,说明罗平地区当时气候比较温暖。  相似文献   

Geochronological,stable isotopes and fluid inclusion constraints for a premetamorphic development of the intrusive-hosted Björkdal Au deposit,northern Sweden     

K. Billström  C. Broman  E. Jonsson  C. Recio  A. J. Boyce  P. Torssander 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(5):1027-1052

The Björkdal gold deposit, bound to a quartz vein system which is mainly hosted by a quartz-monzodioritic intrusion, is situated at the easternmost part of the 1.9 Ga Skellefte base metal district in the Fennoscandian shield. Three fluid stages may be distinguished, referred to as a “barren” stage, a main gold stage, and a remobilization stage, respectively. From oxygen and hydrogen isotope evidence, it is argued that fluids of different origins (magmatic and surface waters) penetrated the ore zone at the inferred stages, but regional metamorphic fluids appear essentially only to have redistributed elements. Early quartz veining took place during a pre-metamorphic stage at ca. 1.88 Ga, as evidenced by unradiogenic galena data and an Sm–Nd scheelite errorchron of 1,915 ± 32 Ma (MSWD = 0.25). Temporarily, the main ore-forming stage was closely related to the first barren stage and took place during a major uplift event close to 1.88 Ga. Although other source rocks cannot be totally ruled out, available isotope data (O, S, Sr and Pb) are seemingly consistent with the view that these elements, and by inference other ore elements, were derived from the host intrusion.  相似文献   

Terrestrial methane seeps and mud volcanoes: A global perspective of gas origin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giuseppe Etiope  Akper Feyzullayev  Calin L. Baciu 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

A global database of gas composition and methane stable isotopes of 143 terrestrial mud volcanoes from 12 countries and 60 seeps independent from mud volcanism from eight countries, was compiled and examined in order to provide the first worldwide statistics on the origin of methane seeping at the earth's surface. Sixteen seep data were coupled with their associated subsurface reservoirs.  相似文献   

滇东富源古敢水族乡热水塘锶—氟—硅—氡型理疗热矿水的地球化学特征及成因     

陶兰初  朱星强  张七道  马一奇  魏总  庞龙  涂春霖  和成忠  刘红豪 《地质论评》2023,69(3):959-972

为支撑滇东富源县古敢水族乡热水塘温泉旅游的开发和可持续利用,笔者等通过采集区内水样进行水化学及环境同位素分析,对温泉的形成机理及其理疗价值进行了研究。结果表明：热水塘温泉温度为37.8～42.2℃,pH值为7.24～7.75,TDS(溶解固态物质总量)的质量浓度为1245～1840 mg/L,属于中低温弱碱性热矿水。温泉水中偏硅酸的质量浓度为48.20～60.57 mg/L,F为2.86～2.94 mg/L,Sr为8.60～14.40 mg/L,均达到了硅水、氟水、锶水的理疗水质标准,此外温泉水中²²²Rn浓度达到了129.4 Bq/L,接近于氡水的理疗水质标准,具有较大的开发利用价值。热水塘温泉水中阳离子以Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以SO₄^2-、HCO^-₃为主,水化学类型为SO₄^2-—Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺型。石膏和碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解是控制热水塘...  相似文献   

The identification of runoff-production mechanisms using environmental isotopes in a tussock grassland catchment,eastern otago,New Zealand     

Mike Bonell  Andrew J. Pearce  Michael K. Stewart 《水文研究》1990,4(1):15-34

A previous hydrometric study of runoff production in tussock grassland drainage basins in Otago (45°50′S, 169°45′E), New Zealand, revealed a marked change of slope in storm hydrograph recessions. An environmental isotope study was initiated to investigate the runoff mechanisms operating and to test specific hypotheses to explain this break in the hydrograph recession. The results indicated that for quickflow volumes in excess of 10mm, the first part of the storm hydrograph can be attributed to two separate sources, namely, ‘old’ water from a shallow, unconfined groundwater reservoir and ‘new’ water from saturation overland flow on the lower wetlands of concave slopes. Despite the extensive area of wetlands, ‘old’ water runoff from the unconfined groundwater reservoir is delivered more rapidly to the stream than ‘new’ water from saturation overland flow. Substantial surface storage in the wetlands has first to be exceeded before rain becomes a significant part of stream discharge. For quickflow volumes less than 10mm, only ‘old’ water from groundwater contributes to the first part of the hydrograph recession. This means that only the largest 7 per cent of storms (in terms of quickflow volume) generate quickflow containing significant amounts of ‘new water’. The second part of the recession of the storm hydrograph consists of ‘old’ water derived from a remarkably well-mixed shallow unconfined groundwater body.  相似文献   

Nitrate distribution and potential attenuation mechanisms of a municipal water supply bedrock aquifer     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The Silurian bedrock aquifer constitutes a major aquifer system for groundwater supply across the Ontario province in Canada. The application of natural and industrial fertilizers near urban centers has led to groundwater NO₃⁻-N concentrations that sometimes have exceeded the drinking water limit, posing a threat to the usage of groundwater for the human consumption. Therefore, there is a growing interest and concern about how nitrate is being leached, transported and potentially attenuated in bedrock aquifers. This study assesses the local distribution of groundwater NO₃⁻ in the up-gradient area of two historically impacted municipal wells, called Carter Wells, in the City of Guelph, Canada, in order to evaluate the potential nitrate attenuation mechanisms, using both groundwater geochemical and isotopic analysis (³H, δ¹⁵N-NO₃, δ¹⁸O-NO₃, δ¹⁸O-SO₄, δ³⁴S-SO₄) and a detailed vertical hydrogeological and geochemical bedrock characterization. The results indicate that probably the main source of nitrate to the Carter Wells is the up-gradient Arkell Research Station (ARS), an agricultural research facility where manure has been historically applied. The overburden and bedrock groundwater with high NO₃ concentrations at the ARS exhibits a manure-related δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O signature, isotopically similar to the high nitrate in the down-gradient groundwater from domestic wells and from the Carter Wells. The nitrate spatial distribution appears to be influenced and controlled by the geology, in which more permeable rock is found in the Guelph Formation which in turn is related to most of the high NO₃⁻ groundwater. The presence of an underlying low permeability Eramosa Formation favors the development of oxygen-depleted conditions, a key factor for the occurrence of denitrification. Groundwater with low NO₃⁻-N concentrations associated with more oxygen-limited conditions and coincident with high SO₄²⁻ concentrations are related to more enriched δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O values in NO₃⁻ and to more depleted δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O values in SO₄²⁻, suggesting that denitrification coupled with pyrite oxidation is taking place. The presence of macro crystalized and disseminated pyrite especially in the Eramosa Formation, can support the occurrence of this attenuation process. Moreover, based on tritium analysis, some denitrification can occur in shallow bedrock and within relatively short residence times, associated with less permeable conditions in depth which facilitates oxygen consumption through sulfide oxidation. The role of denitrification mediated by organic carbon cannot be discarded at the study site. This study suggests that the geological configuration and particularly the presence of low permeability Eramosa Formation can play an important role on nitrate natural attenuation, which may serve as a decision factor on defining the bedrock water supply system for both domestic and municipal purposes.  相似文献